Being aware of the different types of security alarm systems is crucial for safeguarding homes and businesses. From fire alarm systems that detect smoke and prompt evacuation, to wired and wireless systems offering different levels of reliability and convenience, each option caters to specific needs. This guide explores these options to help determine the best security solution for any environment.
Different types of security alarm systems
There are five types of alarm systems to consider when considering securing your homes and businesses:
Fire alarm system
A fire alarm system is a network of devices designed to detect and alert people to the presence of fire or smoke. They provide an early warning for occupants to evacuate and prompt a response to extinguish the fire. The main components and functions of a fire alarm system are:
- Fire Alarm Control Panel (FACP) – the ‘brain’ of the alarm system, the FACP receives information from sensors and processes it to determine an appropriate response.
- Initiating devices – such as smoke detectors, heat detectors, carbon monoxide detectors and manual call points.
- Notification devices – such as audible alarms (eg. sirens and bells), visual alarms (eg. flashing lights or strobes) and voice evacuation systems, which alert occupants to the danger.
- Fire alarm annunciator – a device that visually and audibly indicates the status of system conditions. They are often located at building entrances for use by firefighters and emergency responders.
Fire alarm systems are crucial for ensuring the safety of building occupants by providing an early warning.They also reduce the potential damage to the building or property by enabling faster fire suppression and enhancing coordination with the emergency services. A well-designed and maintained fire alarm system is a vital component of any building’s safety infrastructure.
Wired alarm systems
A wired alarm system is a type of security or fire alarm system where all the components are connected through physical wiring. This means all sensors, detectors, control panels and notification devices are ‘hardwired’ together. Key features of this type of security system are:
- Control panel – the central unit that processes signals from sensors and activates alarms.
- Sensors and detectors – devices such as door/window contacts, motion detectors and glass break sensors.
- Physical connections – all components are linked by wires to ensure reliable communication.
- Stable power supply – wired systems typically draw power directly from the building’s electrical system, often with batteries for back-up in the event of a power cut.
Wired connections are less susceptible to interference compared to wireless systems. They use the internet or a landline to stay connected to the security company’s monitoring system. These types of security alarm systems require professional installation and possible structural modifications to the building or property, and can prove to be more challenging to modify than wireless systems. However, a wired alarm system is generally a robust and reliable solution for security because they are more difficult to hack or disable than wireless systems.
Wireless alarm systems
A wireless alarm system is a security or fire alarm system that uses radio frequency (RF) signals to connect its various components instead of physical wiring. These types of security alarm systems consist of:
- Control panel – the central component that processes signals from sensors and activates alarms.
- Sensors and detectors – door/window contacts, motion detectors and glass break sensors.
- Wireless communication – all sensors, detectors, control panels and notification devices communicate through RF signals, eliminating the need for extensive wiring.
- Battery power source – they are battery operated, making them easier to install and maintain because they don’t require running wiring or cables through walls. Having their own power supply means they will continue to operate even if the electricity is off.
- Wireless transmitters – transmitters are embedded into the sensors and detectors to send signals to the main control panel or ‘brain’.
These types of security alarm systems are typically used to protect residential and commercial properties from intrusion, fire and other emergencies without the need for extensive wiring. Wireless alarm systems have a DIY installation process, however, you may prefer to hire a professional installation service. These systems are particularly suitable for tenants living in properties acquired on lease and buildings that cannot undergo extensive adaptations (such as Grade II listed buildings). Wireless systems are vulnerable to hacking and potential signal interference, and the batteries need regular checking and replacement.
Both wired and wireless security alarm systems provide Digital Video Recording (DVR) capabilities. Wireless systems can save security footage on a cloud server, making it accessible from anywhere. However, wireless DVR systems tend to have limited battery life and their reliability depends on the Wi-Fi connection.
Unmonitored alarm systems
An unmonitored alarm system is a type of security alarm system that operates without professional monitoring services. Instead of alerting a security monitoring provider to dispatch emergency responders, the system relies on audible and visual alerts to notify the property owner or occupants of a security breach. Unmonitored alarm systems include:
- Control panel – the central unit that processes signals from sensors and activates alarms.
- Sensors and detectors – door/window contacts, motion detectors and glass break sensors.
- Localised alerts – the system activates sirens, bells or flashing lights to deter intruders and alert occupants or surrounding neighbours.
- Communication options – owners or occupants can opt into alerts sent directly to their smartphone or other devices.
Unmonitored alarm systems mean the occupant or owner of the property is free from signing and maintaining contracts with security monitoring companies. However, if an alarm is triggered and no-one is nearby to hear or see it, the response may be delayed. Moreover, the effectiveness of the system relies on the property owner or occupants being available to respond to alerts, or having a designated ‘keyholder’ (i.e. a trusted person who has been nominated to assist in the event of an alarm being triggered). These types of security alarm systems are better suited to occupants and owners who are frequently present or can nominate a number of reliable ‘keyholders’.
Monitored alarm systems
Monitored alarm systems are constantly and actively monitored by a central monitoring station, where security professionals will immediately respond when an alarm is triggered. Monitored alarm systems consist of the same control panel, sensors and detectors, as well as notification devices as unmonitored systems, but with the following additional advantages:
- Professional monitoring – the system is connected to a central monitoring station operating 24/7 to monitor the status of the alarm system.
- Immediate response – when an alarm is triggered, the monitoring station receives an alert.
- Verification – trained professionals at the monitoring station verify the alarm by attempting to contact the property owner or occupant, as well as contacting emergency responders if needed.
- Reliable communication – the system uses reliable communication methods, such as landline or the internet, to ensure that signals reach the monitoring centre.
- Back-up systems – monitored systems often provide back-up power sources, such as batteries, to maintain functionality during electricity cut-offs or communication failures.
These types of security alarm systems are beneficial for high value properties, public institutions, such as schools and colleges, businesses and some residential properties where round-the-clock monitoring and a sense of added security is needed. Monitored systems such as these involve monthly fees and committing to a contract for a specified period.
What is the best type of security alarm system for your home or business?
The most suitable type of security alarm system depends on several factors relating to your specific situation and requirements. For homes or businesses in urban areas that are more prone to break-ins, a monitored system offers peace of mind with immediate response capabilities, though it entails monthly fees. For those on a tighter budget, unmonitored systems provide basic alerts without ongoing costs.
Occupant needs, such as pet-friendly sensors or elderly-friendly alerts, and preferences for system integration with smart devices also play a role in deciding which types of security alarm systems are best for you. The ideal solution will balance security effectiveness, affordability and user convenience.
Paine Manwaring is an established, professional and highly experienced supplier of plumbing, heating and electrical services to domestic and commercial customers throughout Sussex, Surrey and Hampshire.
For more information about the heating, plumbing and electrical services which we provide for both homes and businesses get in touch with a member of our expert and friendly team today on 01903 237522 or enquiries@painemanwaring.co.uk (Worthing) or 01243 784711 or info@painemanwaring.co.uk (Chichester).